AML Scenario Gap Finder

Cross-border activity out of profile

Which scenario compares a customer's international transfers with what the profile on file says they do abroad?

A scenario that places here

example

"Cross-border wires inconsistent with customer profile"

Read this scenario

Channels it applies to

3 of the 20 in the dictionary

WIN CRD REM

International wires, debit and credit cards and remittance and money transfer: one sector each on the coverage chart, hatched where no scenario reaches it.

Reference lines

held figures

Obligations

4 regimes
RegimeObligation
Bank Secrecy Act and its regulations (31 CFR Chapter X)BSA BSA-AML-15 Transaction Monitoring
FATF 40 RecommendationsFATF R.10 Customer due diligence
FATF Recommendation 16, payment transparency, by paragraphFATF R.16 INR16.9 Cross-border transfers above the threshold: the full information set
Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act (Australia)AUSTRAC AMLCTF-PartA-TxnMon Transaction Monitoring · AUSTRAC AMLCTF-45 International Funds Transfer Instructions (IFTIs) - Sending · AUSTRAC AMLCTF-46 International Funds Transfer Instructions (IFTIs) - Receiving

The obligations, quoted

BSA BSA-AML-15 Transaction Monitoring

Automated and manual transaction monitoring shall identify unusual or suspicious activity using risk-based scenarios and thresholds.

What an examiner asks to see: TM scenario inventory; Threshold tuning documentation; Above-the-line/below-the-line testing; Model validation reports
Where programmes usually fall short: No model validation; Scenarios not aligned to risk assessment
Source: Bank Secrecy Act and its regulations (31 CFR Chapter X)
FATF R.10 Customer due diligence

Financial institutions may not keep anonymous accounts or accounts in obviously fictitious names and must, by a principle set out in law, undertake customer due diligence when establishing a business relationship, carrying out an occasional transaction above USD or EUR 15,000 or a payment or value transfer covered by INR.16, when money laundering or terrorist financing is suspected, or when they doubt previously obtained identification data: identify and verify the customer from reliable independent sources; identify the beneficial owner and take reasonable measures to verify that identity, understanding the ownership and control structure of legal persons and arrangements; understand and where appropriate obtain information on the purpose and intended nature of the relationship; and conduct ongoing due diligence and transaction scrutiny consistent with the customer's profile including, where necessary, the source of funds. The extent of each measure follows a risk-based approach; verification takes place before or during establishment of the relationship, or as soon as reasonably practicable after it where risks are managed and business would otherwise be interrupted; an institution that cannot complete CDD does not open the account or perform the transaction, or terminates the relationship, and considers a suspicious transaction report; the requirements apply to new customers and, on materiality and risk, to existing ones. The Interpretive Note sets the risk-based approach, enhanced and simplified measures, the specific measures for legal persons, arrangements and beneficiaries of life insurance, reliance on prior verification and the timing rules.

What an examiner asks to see: CDD policy and procedures with triggers and thresholds; Customer files with identity, beneficial ownership, purpose and risk rating; Ongoing monitoring and periodic review records
Where programmes usually fall short: Beneficial owner identified but never verified; Ownership and control structure of corporate customers not understood
Source: FATF 40 Recommendations
FATF R.16 INR16.9 Cross-border transfers above the threshold: the full information set

Cross-border transfers above the applicable threshold always carry the names of originator and beneficiary; their account numbers where used, or a unique transaction reference number, with the funding institution's name and account where funds are drawn elsewhere; the originator's address (country and town suffice where no standardised postal address exists) and the beneficiary's country and town or nearest alternative; the originator's date of birth where a natural person (year of birth where the full date is unavailable); and, for a legal person originator or beneficiary, the connected BIC, the Legal Entity Identifier or the unique official identifier where one exists.

What an examiner asks to see: Message samples carrying every required element; Data collection at onboarding for date of birth and legal-person identifiers; LEI and official identifier coverage of the customer base
Where programmes usually fall short: Beneficiary address demanded in full where only country and town are required; Date of birth not held for existing customers
Source: FATF Recommendation 16, payment transparency, by paragraph
AUSTRAC AMLCTF-PartA-TxnMon Transaction Monitoring

Systems and controls for monitoring customer transactions for unusual or suspicious activity.

What an examiner asks to see: Transaction monitoring system & rules; Alert investigation records
Where programmes usually fall short: No transaction monitoring
Source: Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act (Australia)
AUSTRAC AMLCTF-45 International Funds Transfer Instructions (IFTIs) - Sending

Transfer instructions for funds of any value sent out of Australia must be reported within 10 business days.

What an examiner asks to see: IFTI reports for electronic transfers
Where programmes usually fall short: IFTIs not reported
Source: Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act (Australia)
AUSTRAC AMLCTF-46 International Funds Transfer Instructions (IFTIs) - Receiving

Transfer instructions for funds of any value received into Australia must be reported within 10 business days.

What an examiner asks to see: IFTI reports for remittance-arrangement transfers
Where programmes usually fall short: Remittance IFTIs not reported
Source: Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act (Australia)

Other typologies in high-risk geography and cross-border